1. SHangzhou Foreign Languages School, Zhejiang, China
2. Guanghua Qidi Education, Shanghai, China
Email: 2028822386@qq.com (L.C.); 52854141@qq.com (C.H.)
*Corresponding author
Manuscript received June 2, 2026; accepted July 11, 2026; published July 30, 2026
Abstract—Sport mega-events (SMEs) generate substantial socio-economic benefits but impose severe environmental burdens, including high carbon emissions, intensive energy consumption, and large-scale spectator travel. Traditional host city selection prioritizes economic and logistical factors, lacking a systematic environmental evaluation framework that integrates both current performance and long-term sustainability potential. This study proposes a two-phase dynamic assessment model combining the entropy weight method, TOPSIS, and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate candidate cities comprehensively. The framework covers six core environmental dimensions with eighteen measurable indicators, balancing static baseline performance and dynamic future trajectories. Empirical results show that Seattle achieves the highest Composite Sustainability Index (0.596) due to its 85% renewable energy share, while Indianapolis leads in carbon minimization with a GHG score of 88.9, attributed to its central geographic location. For the 2029 Super Bowl, Santa Clara is recommended among experienced hosts, and Seattle is the optimal new candidate. Sensitivity analysis reveals that spectator attendance and travel distance dominate environmental impacts, explaining over 75% of total variation. The proposed model provides a robust, data-driven tool for balancing operational feasibility and environmental stewardship in SME host selection.
Keywords—sport mega-events, environmental sustainability, two-phase dynamic assessment, TOPSIS, entropy weight method, super bowl
Cite: Lule Chen and Ciyuan Huang, "Two-Phase Dynamic Assessment of Host City Environmental Sustainability for Sport Mega-Events," International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 111-115, 2026.
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (
CC BY 4.0). 
